Ø Goldilock ( Goldilock and three bears )
"Goldilocks and
the Three Bears" and the older "The Story of the Three Bears" are two variations of an old fairy
tale. The original tale tells of an ugly, old woman who enters the forest home
of three bachelor bears whilst they are away. She sits in their chairs, eats some of their porridge,
and falls asleep in one of
their beds. When the bears return and discover her, she starts up, jumps
from the window, and is never seen again. The other major version brings
Goldilocks to the tale, and an even later version retained Goldilocks, but has
the three bachelor bears transformed into Papa, Mama, and Baby Bear.
Ø Samson
Samson
(meaning "man of the
sun"), Shamshoun, or Sampson, is one of the last of the
judges of the ancient Israelites mentioned in the Hebrew Bible
(Book of Judges chapters 13 to 16).
According
to the biblical account, Samson was given supernatural strength by God in order to combat his enemies
and perform heroic feats such as killing a lion,
slaying an entire army with only the jawbone of an
ass, and destroying a pagan temple.
Samson had two vulnerabilities, however: his
attraction to untrustworthy women and his hair, without which he was powerless. These vulnerabilities ultimately
proved fatal for him. In some Jewish and Christian traditions, Samson is believed to have been buried in Tel
Tzora in Israel overlooking the Sorek valley.
A
regional version of Samson (spelled Sanson) plays a major role in many accounts
of Basque mythology, where he is represented as a mighty giant capable of
hurling heavy stones, often providing an explanation for the origin of
mountains and megalithic monuments.
Ø John Milton
John
Milton was an English poet, polemicist, man of letters, and a civil
servant for the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell. He wrote at
a time of religious flux and political upheaval, and is best known for his epic
poem Paradise Lost
(1667), written
in blank verse.
William Hayley's 1796 biography
called John Milton the "greatest
English author",[1] and he remains generally regarded "as one of the preeminent writers in the
English language". Samuel Johnson praised Paradise Lost as "a poem which...with respect to
design may claim the first place, and with respect to performance, the second,
among the productions of the human mind", though he (a Tory and
recipient of royal patronage) described Milton's politics as those of an "acrimonious and surly
republican".
l Paradise Lose
Paradise
Lost is an epic poem in blank verse
by the 17th-century English poet John Milton (1608–1674). The first version,
published in 1667, consisted of ten books with over ten thousand lines of
verse. It is considered by critics to be Milton's major work, and it helped solidify
his reputation as one of the greatest English poets of his time. The poem
concerns the Biblical
story of the Fall of Man:
the temptation of Adam
and Eve by the fallen angel Satan and their expulsion from the
Garden of Eden. Milton's purpose, stated in Book I, is to "justify the ways of God to
men".
Ø Satan
Satan
(Hebrew: meaning "adversary";
Arabic: meaning; "astray",
"distant",
or sometimes "devil")
is a figure appearing in the texts of the Abrahamic religions who brings evil
and temptation, and is known as the deceiver who leads humanity astray.
Some religious groups teach that he originated as an angel who fell
out of favor with God, seducing humanity into the ways of sin, and
who has power in the fallen world.
In the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament, Satan is primarily an accuser
and adversary, a decidedly malevolent entity, also called the devil,
who possesses demonic qualities.
l Lucifer
Later
Christian tradition came to use the Latin word for "morning star", lucifer, as a
proper name ("Lucifer") for the devil; as he was before his fall.[16]
As a result, "'Lucifer' has become a by-word for
Satan/the Devil
in the church and in popular literature", as in Dante Alighieri's Inferno
and John Milton's Paradise Lost.
However, the Latin word never came to be used almost exclusively, as in
English, in this way, and was applied to others also, including Jesus. The image of a morning star fallen from the
sky is generally believed among scholars to have a parallel in Canaanite
mythology.
Prince of darkness
Prince of Darkness is a term used
in John Milton's poem Paradise Lost referring
to Satan as the embodiment of evil.
Ø Dante Alighieri (但丁)
Durante
degli Alighieri, simply called Dante, was a
major Italian poet of the late Middle Ages. His Divine Comedy,
originally called Comedìa (modern Italian: Commedia) and later christened Divina
by Boccaccio, is widely considered the greatest literary work composed in the Italian
language and a
masterpiece of world literature.
In
De vulgari eloquentia, however, Dante defended use of the vernacular in
literature. He himself would even write in the Tuscan dialect for works such as
The New Life (1295) and the aforementioned Divine Comedy; this choice, although
highly unorthodox, set a hugely important precedent that later Italian writers
such as Petrarch and Boccaccio would follow. As a result, Dante played an
instrumental role in establishing the national language of Italy. Dante's
significance also extends past his home country; his depictions of Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven have provided inspiration for a large body of
Western art, and are cited as an influence on the works of John Milton,
Geoffrey Chaucer, William Shakespeare, and Lord Alfred Tennyson, among many
others. In addition, the first use of the interlocking three-line rhyme scheme,
or the terza rima, is attributed to him.
Dante
has been called "the Father of the Italian language".
In Italy, Dante is often referred to as il Sommo Poeta ("the Supreme
Poet") and il Poeta; he, Petrarch, and Boccaccio are also called "the three fountains" or "the three
crowns".
l Divine Comedy
The
Divine Comedy (Italian: Divina Commedia is an epic poem by Dante Alighieri,
begun c. 1308 and completed 1320, a year before his death in 1321. It is widely
considered the preeminent work of
Italian literature and is seen as one of the greatest works of world literature. The poem's imaginative
vision of the afterlife is representative
of the medieval world-view as it had developed in the Western Church by the
14th century. It helped establish the Tuscan language, in which it is written,
as the standardized Italian language. It is divided into three parts: Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso.
On
the surface, the poem describes Dante's
travels through Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise or Heaven; but at a deeper
level, it represents, allegorically, the soul's journey towards God. At this
deeper level, Dante draws on medieval Christian theology and philosophy,
especially Thomistic philosophy and the Summa Theologica of Thomas Aquinas.
Consequently, the Divine Comedy has been called "the Summa in
verse".
- vocabulary
Ø Para-：beside，similar(平行並立)
1.
Paragraph → a section of a piece of
writing that begins on a new line and contains one or more sentences
2.
Paradise → the place where some people
believe you go when you die if you have lived a good life
3.
Parallel → the same distance apart at
every point along their whole length
4.
Parasol → a type of umbrella designed
to provide protection from the sun
5.
Parachute → a large piece of cloth
joined to heavy strings, used by someone jumping out of a plane
Ø Purgatorio (煉獄)
Purgatorio is the second part of Dante's Divine Comedy,
following the Inferno, and preceding the Paradiso. In the poem, Purgatory is
depicted as a mountain in the Southern Hemisphere,
consisting of a bottom section (Ante-Purgatory), seven
levels of suffering and spiritual growth (associated
with the seven deadly sins), and finally the Earthly Paradise at the top.
Allegorically, the poem represents the Christian life, and in describing the
climb Dante discusses the nature of sin, examples of vice and virtue, as well
as moral issues in politics and in the Church. The poem outlines a theory that all sin arises from love – either
perverted love directed towards others' harm, or deficient love, or the
disordered or excessive love of good things.
l Seven deadly sins
1.
Pride
2.
Greed
3.
Lust
4.
Envy
5.
Gluttony
6.
Wrath
7.
Sloth
The
burning bush is an object described by the Book of Exodus[3:1–4:17]
as being located on Mount Horeb. According to the narrative, the bush was on
fire, but was not consumed by the flames, hence the name. In the biblical
narrative, the burning bush is the location at which Moses was appointed by Yahweh (God) to
lead the Israelites out of Egypt and into Canaan.
The
Hebrew word used in the narrative, that is translated into English as bush,
is seneh (סנה), which refers in particular to
brambles; seneh is a biblical dis legomenon, only appearing in two places,
both of which describe the burning bush.
l Plagues
1. Water
into blood
2. Frogs
3. Lice
4. Wild
animals, possibly flies
5.
Diseased livestock
6. Boils
7.
Thunderstorm of hail and fire
8.
Locusts
9.
Darkness
10. Death
of firstborn
Ø Passover
Passover
or Pesach, is an important, biblically derived Jewish festival. The Jewish
people celebrate Passover as a commemoration of their
liberation by God from slavery in Egypt and their freedom as a nation under the
leadership of Moses. It commemorates the story of the Exodus as
described in the Hebrew Bible especially in the Book of Exodus, in which the
Israelites were freed from slavery in Egypt.
Jewish
diaspora
- Jewish
- Jesus
knocking at the door
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